Acorus calamus sweet flag calamus pfaf plant database. Acorus calamus grows either as wild or cultivated crop throughout india ascending upto 1800 meters in the himalayas. Drugs were dried and ground to small pieces at the bhu pharmacy and were taken to department of medicinal chemistry, banaras hindu university, for alcoholic extraction. A great number of the plants are claimed to acquire the antioxidant properties.
In a twomicroelectrode voltage clamp with xenopus laevis oocytes, a petroleum ether extract of acorus calamus rhizomes enhanced the gabainduced chloride current through gabaa receptors of the. Arum, also known as lords and ladies, cuckoopint and wake robin, is arum maculatum, a common hedgerow plant in england. Acorus calamus is a perennial growing to 1 m 3ft 3in by 1 m 3ft 3in at a medium rate. A new sesquiterpene, named neoacorane a 1, and two known ones, acoric acid 2 and calamusin d 3, were isolated from a 95% ethanol extract of the rhizome parts of acorus calamus l. Review article pharmaceutical and biotechnological. Acorus calamus is a species of flowering plant, a tall wetland monocot of the family acoraceae. Pdf acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the. The genus acorus has three species, the deciduous acorus americanus, acorus calamus and the evergreen acorus gramineus.
Synonyms sweet flag parts used rhizome pharmacopoeial and other monographs bhp 1996g9 martindale 32nd editiong43 pdr for herbal medicines 2nd editiong36 legal category. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Most pharmacological activities of acorus calamus was reported by using roots and rhizomes. Buy acorus calamus, vekhand plant online at nurserylive. Opinions differ on the origins of sweet flag seeds, also known as acorus calamus calamus meaning reed. Acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the. Acorus calamus commonly called sweet flag is a deciduous, spreading, marginal aquatic perennial that features irislike, swordshaped leaf blades to 34 wide typically growing in basal clumps to 30 tall. Its aroma makes calamus essential oil valued in the perfume industry. Acorus calamus is unfit for human consumption because of its. Calamus is also used as a medicinal herb to treat a wide variety of illnesses. Calamus or sweet flag rhizome is derived from the perennial herb acorus calamus, which is widely distributed in damp situations in europe and north america. It is in flower from may to july, and the seeds ripen from july to august. The plant is found in the northern temperate and subtropical regions of asia, north america, and europe. Indian acorus oil had shown sedativetranquillizing action in rats, mice, cats, dogs and monkeys10.
Neuromodulatory effect of acrous calamus leaves extract on. Araceae, commonly known as sweet flag or calamus, is a semiaquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes. The results showed that acorus calamus exhibits free radical. Acorus calamus is a semiaquatic plant that likes to grow with wet feet, often alongside irises, cattails, and other water weeds. The vacha plant acorus calamus roots were procured from the market after proper identification and selection. Botany of acorus, climate and soil requirement for acorus, varieties suitable for acorus, new improved varieties of acorus, propagation and nursery management of acorus, preparation of land for acorus cultivation, planting of.
Although native to europe, it was introduced into north america by settlers in the 1600s, and has naturalized over time throughout. Medicinal and aromatic plant pdf free download by icar ecourse. Phytochemicals of acorus calamus sweet flag deepak chandra and kundan prasad abstract sweet flag acorus calamus is mentioned in ayurveda and belongs to the genus acorus l. Calamus acorus calamus plant profiler sigmaaldrich. The oil should also not be used in aromatherapy, but is safe as an herbal medicine. Augustatus bess, acorus gramineus solander, acorus tatarinowii schott, there are also some known constituents.
Records show its early presence in india, and it later spread to europe along trade routes. Acorus calamus linn a herbal tonic for central nervous system. This page was last edited on 22 november 2014, at 06. Pdf acorus calamus is a herb used for the appetite and as an aid to the digestion. In particular, the sterile triploid acorus calamus has been dispersed by this means. However, the betaisoasarone content can vary widely among species from 0% to 96%. New acoranetype sesquiterpene from acorus calamus l. Although used in traditional medicine over centuries to treat digestive disorders and pain, there is no clinical evidence for its safety or efficacy and ingested calamus may be toxic leading to its commercial. Grows well in both boggy conditions including shallow standing water to 9 deep and consistently moist garden soils. Acorus calamus, commonly known as sweet flag or calamus sanskrit.
Acorus calamus also known as sweet flag is a perennial wetland monocot. Get acorus calamus pdf file for free on our ebook library pdf file. Acorus calamus is used in the conditions of vata and kapha, dysmenorrheal, nephropathy, calculi, stragury. Because of the tranquilizing effect of asarone, it can also be used as an essence, but this can be poisonous when fresh. Augustatus bess as oil from fresh leaves contains octanoic acid 49. Calamus comes from the greek word calamos which translates to. Experimental evaluation of antidepressant effect of vacha. Roots and rhizomes extracts ofacorus calamus linn possess cns depressant, tranquilizing, inhibiting the spontaneous motor activity11. Phytochemical screening of acorus calamus and lantana camara article pdf available in international research journal of pharmacy 35. It can cause kidney damage, shaking, and seizures the fda prohibits calamus use in food products because three of the four species of calamus found in the world contain a cancercausing chemical called betaisoasarone.
The free radicalinduced oxidation of lipids is also prevented by the extract of a. It is well known for its bitter taste, spiciness and its aromatic smell. It is a perennial, semiaquatic and smelly plant, found in both temperate and sub temperate zones. A semiaquatic perennial plant, found in damp marshy places especially at the banks of lakes and streams in india, myanmar, iran, south china, europe, and north america. The in vitro antioxidant activity of acetone, acetonitrile, alcoholic, and aqueous extracts of a. Phytochemical investigations, extraction and thin layer. This extraction appears to be effective in the range of 100200mg.
Pdf the aim of the present paper is to provide information regarding the. Dried calamus rhizome root can be used to treat stomach cramps, gas, gastric ulcers, and lack of appetite. Acorus calamus care easily grown in average, medium to wet soils in full sun to part shade. Sweet flag seeds acorus calamus seeds everwilde farms. The leaves are strongly scented rhizomes and have been traditionally used since centuries. Calamus powder, or vacha, is effective for skin exfoliation and commonly used externally during panchakarma or after abhyanga selfoil massage to remove oil. Sweet flag acorus calamus is mentioned in ayurveda and belongs to the genus. Haimavati, vacha, and various rushes and sedges,is a plant from the acoraceae family, in the genus acorus. Because it also thrived in early north america and was a traditional part of native american medicine, sweet flag may also be native to the united states. Commonly known as sweet flag, belongs to the family araceae adoraceae. The seeds also are dispersed by water along streams or river margins. Calamus, also referred to as sweet sedge or sweet flag, is a reedlike plant that grows near water. The benefits and side effects of calamus acorus calamus.
Despite safety concerns, calamus is commonly used by mouth for different stomach problems, including ulcers. Acorus calamus leaves, rhizomes and its essential oil has many biological activities like antispasmodic, carminative and also used for treatment of epilepsy, mental ailments, chronic. The rhizomes are used for treatment of neurasthenia, chronic bronchitis, diarrhea, abdominal distention, chills, colds, externally for abscesses. Experimental evidence for use of acorus calamus asarone. Sweet flag is best used as an accent plant in moist woodland gardens or as a bog plant. It is a tall perennial wetland monocot with scented leaves and more strongly scented rhizomes, which have been used medicinally, for its odor, and as an allegedly psychotropic drug. Acorus calamus supplement health benefits, dosage, side. Phytochemicals of acorus calamus sweet flag journal of. It is creeping and branched with cylindrical rhizome. Acorus calamus can also be used as an infusion, a tincture, or a straight fluid extract. The aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of acorus calamus rhizomes, its insecticidal activity against the booklouse, liposcelis bostrychophila and to isolate any insecticidal constituents from the essential oil.
Acorus calamus, a semiaquatic herb with creeping rhizomes, shows diverse pharmacological properties including antibacterial, insecticidal, antiulcerative, etc. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Acorus calamus, beta asarone, alpha asarone, calamus oil, sweet flag. Positive gabaa receptor modulators from acorus calamus and. Protective effect of acorus calamus linn on free radical scavengers and lipid. Acorus calamus also called sweet flag or calamus, among many common names is a species of flowering plant, a tall wetland monocot of the family acoraceae, in the genus acorus. Acorus calamus sweet flag, andor its bioactive phytochemical alpha. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The genus acorus derived from acoron coreon the pupil of the eye and the species calamus is derived from the greek word calamos a reed. Acorus calamus is now found across europe, in southern. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. Acorus calamus plant is found near swamps and banks in asia, europe, and north america in this pdf topic included. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations were determined by singlecrystal xray diffraction analysis.
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